Clinical and Laboratory Profiles of Patients with Adrenal Masses: Correlation with Imaging and Histopathological Outcomes

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Background: The increased use of imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI has led to more frequent detection of adrenal masses, often incidentally. These lesions may be benign or malignant, and may or may not secrete hormones. Accurate differentiation is vital for guiding treatment, from observation to surgery. Combining clinical symptoms, hormonal profiles, imaging features, and histopathology ensures a comprehensive and precise diagnosis. Aim: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with adrenal masses and correlate these findings with imaging characteristics and final histopathological outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Radiology and Imaging in collaboration with the Department of Endocrinology and Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka, over a two-year period. A total of 30 patients with radiologically detected adrenal masses were consecutively enrolled. Detailed clinical evaluation was performed, documenting symptoms including hypertension, Cushingoid features, virilization, skin pigmentation, and other relevant signs suggestive of hormonal activity. Imaging evaluation was carried out using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), focusing on lesion size, attenuation, enhancement patterns, and associated features. Definitive diagnosis was established through histopathological examination of biopsy or surgically excised specimens. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings were systematically analyzed and correlated with the final histopathological diagnosis to evaluate their diagnostic relevance. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty patients with adrenal masses, with a mean age of 40.9 ± 17.8 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. The most common clinical feature was hypertension (43.3%), followed by Cushingoid appearance and skin pigmentation (23.3% each).

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