Impact softening performance of low melting point alloy/copper foam composite phase change materials

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The deformation failure mechanism and the strain rate softening effect of low melting point alloy/copper foam composite phase change material (CPCM) under impact loading were investigated using a macro-fine-micro multi-scale analysis method. The consequences of strain rate and relative density on the dynamic response of CPCM were experimentally examined using Split-Hopkinson-Pressure-Bar methods. A 3D-Voronoi CPCM model incorporating randomly varying material properties was developed to simulate the dynamic behaviors of CPCM adopting parametric design methodologies. The results indicated that the CPCM demonstrated remarkable impact toughness and energy absorption capacity, along with strain rate softening characteristics. The continuous copper foam efficiently prevented crack development in the low melting point alloy (LMA) crystals, resulting in maintaining the load-bearing capacity of the CPCM. The energy absorption of the CPCM improved by 17.2% compared to the sum of the individual components, with the LMA functioning as the principal energy-absorbing element, accounting for 94% of the total energy absorption. The development of interfacial cracks within the copper foam fracture considerably undermines the continuity and integrity of CPCM, leading to impact softening at elevated strain rates. Impact softening diminished the yield strength of CPCM, increased its susceptibility to fracture under dynamic conditions, and reduced its impact resistance.

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