Thermogenic Adipose ADH5 Counteracts Age-related Metabolic Decline

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ABSTRACT Aging-associated decline in brown adipose tissue (BAT) function and mass contributes to energy and metabolic homeostasis disruption. Alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5) is a major denitrosylase that prevents cellular nitro-thiol redox imbalance, an essential feature of aging. However, the functional significance of BAT ADH5 in the context of aging is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of BAT ADH5 in protecting against age-related metabolic dysfunction. We show that aging elevates BAT protein S-nitrosylation modification and downregulates ADH5 in mice. Furthermore, BAT ADH5-deletion accelerates BAT senescence and aging-associated declines in metabolic homeostasis and cognition. Mechanistically, we found that aging inactivates BAT Adh5 by suppressing heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a well-recognized proteostasis regulator. Moreover, pharmacologically enhancing HSF1 improved age-related BAT senescence, metabolic decline, and cognitive dysfunction. Together, these findings suggest that the BAT HSF1-ADH5 signaling cascade plays a key role in protecting against age-related systemic functional decline. Ultimately, unraveling the role of thermogenic adipose nitrosative signaling will provide novel insights into the interplay between BAT nitric oxide bioactivity and metabolism in the context of aging. Highlights Aging elevates general protein S-nitrosylation while downregulating ADH5 expression in BAT. Loss of thermogenic adipose tissue ADH5 accelerates BAT senescence and exacerbates aging-associated metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions. Disruption of HSF1-activated Adh5 in BAT contributes to aging-associated metabolic and cognitive impairments. Pharmacological targeting of BAT HSF1 alleviates aging-related BAT senescent and systemic declines.

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