STM study of unusual link structure formation on rutile TiO2(110)-(1×2) surface induced by water adsorption and low-temperature annealing

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Abstract The adsorption of water molecules on the rutile TiO2(110)-(1×2) surface and subsequent structural changes were investigated at the atomic level using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). After preparing the (1×2) reconstructed surface, water molecules were adsorbed, followed by sequential annealing at 450 ◦C and 900 ◦C, with STM observations conducted at each stage. The surface structures after water adsorption and subsequent annealing at 900 ◦C remained largely unchanged compared to the clean surface, despite the presence of adsorbates. However, after annealing at 450 ◦C following water adsorption, we observed a novel type link structure that was distinct from those found on the clean surface. This unique structure, having different in-plane dimensions from the conventional double-link structure, is suggested to induce in-plane stress to the periodic row structure of the (1×2) surface.

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