Influence of Key Parameters on Slamming Force Dynamics: A Comparative Study Using First-Order and Second-Order MLM Models

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This study investigates the influence of critical parameters—deadrise angle, gravitational acceleration, initial water entry velocity, and mass—on vertical slamming forces using a controlled variable approach. By comparing first-order and second-order Modified Logvinovich Model (MLM) solutions, we demonstrate that the second-order model significantly improves accuracy for large deadrise angles. Results reveal that increasing gravitational acceleration, entry velocity, or mass amplifies slamming forces, with entry velocity exhibiting high sensitivity during initial water impact. The findings provide critical insights for optimizing marine structure design and hydrodynamic impact analysis. This study systematically investigates the influence of key parameters—deadrise angle, gravitational acceleration, entry velocity, and mass—on vertical slamming forces during water entry, employing first-order and second-order Modified Logvinovich Model (MLM) formulations. A controlled variable approach is adopted to isolate parameter effects using a two-dimensional wedge-shaped structure, with a set of baseline conditions. Results demonstrate that larger deadrise angles reduce slamming forces due to diminished wetted surface area, while increasing gravitational acceleration, initial water entry velocity, or mass amplifies forces proportionally. The second-order MLM, enhanced through higher-order asymptotic corrections for nonlinear fluid interactions, significantly improves prediction accuracy for high-deadrise angle scenarios. In contrast, both models align closely for moderate deadrise angles. Entry velocity dominates initial impact dynamics, exhibiting heightened sensitivity to transient pressure buildup. These findings validate the necessity of second-order formulations for large deadrise angle applications and provide actionable insights for optimizing hydrodynamic impact analyses in marine and offshore engineering

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