Ameliorative potential of Acridocarpus smeathmannii extracts on testosterone propionate and sleep deprivation-induced benign prostate hyperplasia rats

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Background Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. & Perr. ( Malpighiaceae ) (AS) has a long history of use in traditional medicine, in particular, its root part is used in the management of reproductive disorders and related diseases in the tropical West and sub-tropical African countries, however, its traditional medicine application lacks scientific proof for BPH or lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) condition. Objective The present study assessed the effects of Acridocarpus smeathmannii hydroethanolic extract (AS) on BPH using a testosterone propionate plus sleep deprivation (TPD)-induced rat model.investigated a combination of biological and psychological factors to develop a suitable model for evaluating experimentally induced BPH in rats. Methods A suitable model of experimentally induced BPH was developed utilizing the adult male Wistar rats, followed by random division into the five groups: untreated TPD, finasteride-treated, doxazosin-treated, and AS-treated (two doses) groups. One another group of normal control was also included for comparison. Treatments lasted for two weeks, after which the rats were sacrificed. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (TST), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assayed. In addition, animal morphological indices and histological sections of prostatic tissues were compared amongst groups. Results The untreated TPD rats exhibited a prostate index (PI) of 74%, along with elevated serum TST, TNF-α and PSA levels compared to the normal control group. This was accompanied by increases in prostate LPO plus changes in the epithelial thickness of prostate cells. However, administration of the AS extracts significantly reduced PI and reversed TPD-induced changes in reproductive hormones, while also improving antioxidant status. Furthermore, AS lowered TNF-α, and PSA levels but failed to restore prostate tissue damage. Conclusion Overall, AS extract offers chemoprotective and beneficial effects via modulation of reproductive hormones, inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidants system. which could be deployed as an alternative approach for managing experimental BPH, although we failed to observe its ameliorating effect on the histological changes. Investigations are ongoing into the mechanisms of action, as well as bioactivity-guided identification of active compounds present in the extract.

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