Phytochemical Profiling of Clusia valerioi(Standl.) Floral Resin and Its Correlation with the Chemical Composition of Propolis from Southern Costa Rica

Résumé fourni par la source

Propolisare resinous byproducts produced by bees, known for their wide range of bioactive properties. The chemical composition of propolis is closely linked to the botanical environment surrounding the hive. Clusia valerioi(Standl.), a plant species endemic to Costa Rica, is commonly found in the country's southern region and produces floral resins that are collected by bees for propolis production. This ecological relationship suggests that chemical traceability between C. valerioifloral resins and propolis produced in nearby apiaries is feasible.In this study, ethanolic extracts from propolis samples collected at eight apiaries, resin loads transported by forager bees, and floral resin samples from C. valerioiat four sites near two of these apiaries were analyzed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The analysis revealed three chemical markers—referred to as compounds A, B, and C—that support the traceability of chemical constituents from floral resin to propolis. Compound A was identified as a terpene derivative, while compound C was determined to be a flavonoid derivative (specifically a flavonol or flavanone). Compound B was isolated and identified as a polyprenylated polycyclic benzophenone, and was conclusively characterized as nemorosone based on proton (¹H-NMR) and carbon-13 (¹³C-NMR) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.