Global, regional, and national trends in routine childhood vaccination coverage from 1980 to 2023 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Emily Haeuser, Sam Byrne, Jason Nguyen, Catalina Raggi, Susan A. McLaughlin, Catherine Bisignano, Ashley Harris, Amanda Smith, Paulina A Lindstedt, Georgia Smith, S Herold, Olivia D Nesbit, Taylor Noyes, Noga Shalev, Latera Tesfaye Olana, Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Hasan Aalruz, Mitra Abbasifard, Faezeh Abbaspour, Hedayat Abbastabar, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Emad M. Abdallah, Reda Abdel‐Hameed, Atef Abdelkader, Sherief Abd‐Elsalam, Wakgari Mosisa Abdisa, Meriem Abdoun, Arman Abdous, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Adam Abdullahi, Auwal Abdullahi, Toufik Abdul‐Rahman, Kulmira Abdykerimova, Armita Abedi, Asrat Agalu Abejew, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zúñiga, Syed Hani Abidi, Olumide Abiodun, Rahim Abo Kasem, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Ulric Sena Abonie, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Nagah M Abourashed, Mohamed Abouzid, Dmitry Abramov, Dariush Abtahi, Rana Abu Farha, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Hana J Abukhadijah, Salahdein Aburuz, Anirudh B. Acharya, Meshack Achore, Juan Acuña, Ousman Adal, Lisa C. Adams, Abdu A. Adamu, Tajudeen Adewumi Adebisi, David Adedia, Kamoru A. Adedokun, Oluwatobi E Adegbile, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Nurudeen A. Adegoke, Olumide Thomas Adeleke, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Ripon Kumar Adhikary, Usha Adiga, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Prince Owusu Adoma, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Giuseppina Affinito, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Habeeb Abiodun Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Afolabi, Saira Afzal, Suneth Agampodi, Dhiraj Agarwal, Sepehr Aghajanian, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Arriagada, Williams Agyemang‐Duah, Mahsa Ahadi, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Khurshid Ahmad, Rabbiya Ahmad, Shoaib Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Mushood Ahmed, Naveed Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Simeon Okechukwu Ajakwe, Dolapo Emmanuel Ajala, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Oluwasefunmi Akeju, Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe, Karolina Akinosoglou, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Hammad Akram, Ashley E Akrami, Alaa Al Amiry, Salah Al Awaidy, Hanadi Al Hamad, Mohammad Khaled Al Nawayseh, Omar Al Omari, Yazan Al Thaher, Omar Ali Mohammed Al Zaabi, Mohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud Al Zoubi, Yazan A. Al‐Ajlouni, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Khurshid Alam, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Nazmul Alam, Rasmieh Al‐Amer, Turki M Alanzi, Jude Oluwapelumi Alao, Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal, Mohammed ALBashtawy, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Abdulelah M. Aldhahir, Mohammed S. Aldossary, Shereen M. Aleidi, Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu, Ayman Al‐Eyadhy, Ali M Alfalki, Fahad D. Algahtani, Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Ashraf Alhumaidi, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammad Daud Ali, Rafat Ali, Shahid Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Montaha Al‐Iede, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Hamid Alinejad‐Rokny, M J Gol Alipour, Samah W. Al‐Jabi, Adel Al-Jumaily, Ahmad Alkhatib, Mustafa Alkhawam, Mohammed Z. Allouh, Wesam Taher Almagharbeh, Sabah Al-Marwani, Joseph Uy Almazan, Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi, Amr Almobayed, Hasan Y. Alniss, Mohammad R. Alosta, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Mohammad R Alqudimat, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Ahmad Alrawashdeh, Rami H. Al‐Rifai, Intima Alrimawi, Sahel Majed Alrousan, Mohammed Alsabri, Zaid Altaany, Ala’a B. Al‐Tammemi, Jaffar A. Al‐Tawfiq, Malik A Althobiani, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Hassan Alwafi, Mohammad Al‐Wardat, Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi, Hany Aly, Mohammad S. Alyahya, Abdallah Alzoubi, Karem H. Alzoubi, Md. Akib Al‐Zubayer, Ekiyor Joseph Amafah, Amr Amin, Nafiu Aminu, Ayodeji Amobonye, Dickson A Amugsi, Filippos Anagnostakis, Michael G. Anderson, Song Peng Ang, Abhishek Anil, AbdulAzeez Adeyemi Anjorin, Hossein Ansariniya, Catherine M Antony, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Saeid Anvari, Saleha Anwar, Jalal Arabloo, Jesil Mathew Aranjani, Aleksandr Y. 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Darmstadt, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Dimash Davletov, Fernando de la Hoz, Sindhura Deekonda, Aniket Dehadrai, Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie, Marco Del Riccio, Mohammad Delsoz, Huiyin Deng, Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez, Anteneh Desalegn, Pradeep Kumar Devarakonda, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Arkadeep Dhali, Kuldeep Dhama, Meghnath Dhimal, Sameer Dhingra, Bibha Dhungel, Stefano Di Bella, Marcello Di Pumpo, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Díaz, Xueting Ding, Thanh Chi, Sushil Dohare, Fariba Dorostkar, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Robert Kokou Dowou, Menayit Tamrat Dresse, John Dube, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Sulagna Dutta, Osamudiamen Ebohon, Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud Ebraheim, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi, Rasoul Ebrahimi, Abdelaziz Ed‐Dra, Ferry Efendi, Behrad Eftekhari, Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Rabie Adel El Arab, Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Mohamed Ahmed Eladl, Aya Elalfy, Said El‐Ashker, Iffat Elbarazi, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Mohammed Elshaer, Abdelgawad Salah Abdelgawad Eltahawy, Theophilus I. 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Hankey, Harapan Harapan, Arief Hargono, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Mohammad Jahid Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur, Ammarah Hasnain, Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan, Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan, Nageeb Hassan, Khezar Hayat, Jiawei He, Wenqiang He, Mohamed Hegazy, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Minoo Heidari Almasi, Sumudu Avanthi Hewage, Majid Heydari, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Alamgir Hossain, Lubna Hossain, Md Mahbub Hossain, Md. Sabbir Hossain, Md. Jubayer Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Md. Munnaf Hossen, Mihaela Hostiuc, Priya Hotwani, Hanno Hoven, Chengxi Hu, Junjie Huang, Kiavash Hushmandi, Javid Hussain, M. Azhar Hussain, Nawfal R Hussein, Mohamed I. Husseiny, Hong-Han Huynh, Bing‐Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Khalid S Ibrahim, Nader Ibrahim, Anel Ibrayeva, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena Ilić, Milena Ilić, Mohammad Tarique Imam, Arit Inok, Mustafa Alhaji Isa, Benni Iskandar, Teresa R Iskander, Md. Sahidul Islam, Md. Fakrul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Faisal Ismail, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Mosimah Charles Ituka, Masao Iwagami, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Louis Jacob, Ali Jadidi, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Haitham Jahrami, Ayushi Jain, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Mohamed Jalloh, Armaan Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Melika Jameie, Jerin James, Hasan M. Jamil, Roland Dominic G. Jamora, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Talha Jawaid, Qassim Jawell Odah Abed, Shubha Jayaram, Seogsong Jeong, Ravi Prakash Jha, Wenyi Jin, Mohammad Jokar, Jobin Jose, Jobinse Jose, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Kripa Josten, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Dler Hussein Kadir, Ashish Kumar Kakkar, Md Moustafa Kamal, Mehnaz Kamal, Rajesh Kamath, Ramat T. Kamorudeen, Naser Kamyari, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi, Mona Kanaan, Saddam F. Kanaan, Jiseung Kang, Samuel Berchi Kankam, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Suthanthira Kannan S, Rami S. Kantar, Neeti Kapoor, Jafar Karami, Reema Karasneh, Ibraheem M. Karaye, André Karch, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Tomasz M. Karpiński, Manoj Kumar Kashyap, Himanshu Khajuria, Mohammad Ali Khaksar, Nauman Khalid, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Faham Khamesipour, Abdul Arif Khan, Ajmal Khan, Faiz Ullah Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Maseer Khan, Md. Abdullah Saeed Khan, Moien AB Khan, Muhammad Umer Khan, Ramsha Mushtaq Khan, Ubaid Khan, Yusuf S. Khan, Zahid Khan, Vishnu Khanal, Sameer Khasbage, Khaled Khatab, Haitham Khatatbeh, Moawiah Khatatbeh, Afshin Khazaei, Khalid A Kheirallah, Fatemeh Khosravi, Grace Kim, Jinho Kim, Kwanghyun Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Yohannes Kinfu, Adnan Kısa, Sezer Kısa, KM Shivakumar, Sonali Kochhar, Michail Kokkorakis, Ali‐Asghar Kolahi, Farzad Kompani, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Oleksii Korzh, Karel Kostev, Parvaiz A Koul, Irene Akwo Kretchy, James‐Paul Kretchy, Kewal Krishan, Barthélémy Kuate Defo, Raja Amir Hassan Kuchay, Mohammed Kuddus, Ilari Kuitunen, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Emmanuel Kumah, Dewesh Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Jogender Kumar, Kamal Kumar, Narendar Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Satyajit Kundu, Setor K. Kunutsor, Maria Dyah Kurniasari, Pramod Kumar Kushawaha, Asep Kusnali, Dian Kusuma, Assylkhan Kuttybayev, Wai Hang Patrick Kwong, Frank Kyei‐Arthur, Ville Kytö, C. de Lisio, Carlo La Vecchia, Muhammad Awwal Ladan, Chandrakant Lahariya, Balzhan Lakanova, Iván Landires, Savita Lasrado, Colleen L. Lau, Huu‐Hoai Le, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Trang Diep Thanh Le, Caterina Ledda, Sergey Vadimovich Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei‐Chen Lee, Elvynna Leong, Ming‐Chieh Li, Peng Li, Wei Li, Virendra S Ligade, Jialing Lin, John C. Lin, Queran Lin, Gang Liu, Haipeng Liu, Jue Liu, Patrick Y Liu, Zhe Liu, Erand Llanaj, José Francisco López‐Gil, Platon D Lopukhov, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Abhilash Ludhiadch, Peng Luo, Angelina M Lutambi, Lei Lv, Kaung Suu Lwin, Miltiadis D. Lytras, Ellina Lytvyak, Ahmed Afifi, Kevin Sheng‐Kai, Zheng Feei, Shamsuddeen Yusuf Ma’aruf, Mahmoud Mabrok, Monika Machoy, Firoozeh Madadi, Farzan Madadizadeh, Seyed Ataollah Madinezad, Áurea Madureira-Carvalho, Sasikumar Mahalingam, Samatar Abshir Mahamed, Nozad Hussein Mahmood, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Farhad Mahmoudi, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Ahmad Azam Malik, Shahid M. Malik, Déborah Carvalho Malta, Biniyam Tedla Mamo, Lokesh Manjani, Kamaruddeen Mannethodi, Farheen Mansoor, Mohammad Alì Mansournia, Shaista Manzoor, Tahir Maqbool, Bishnu P. Marasini, Hamid Reza Marateb, Konstantinos Margetis, Michael Hultström, Adolfo Martínez Valle, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins‐Melo, Miquel Martorell, Roy Rillera Marzo, Sammer Marzouk, Stefano Masi, Clara N Matei, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Medha Mathur, Neeta Mathur, Fernanda Penido Matozinhos, Richard J. Maude, Chioma Ngozichukwu Pauline Mbachu, Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu, Steven McPhail, Rishi P Mediratta, Vini Mehta, Subhash Mehto, James Meiring, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen, Hadush Negash Meles, Endalkachew Belayneh Melese, Ziad A. Memish, Walter Mendoza, Godfred Antony Menezes, Ritesh G. Menezes, Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie, Alexios‐Fotios A. Mentis, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Atte Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Sachith Mettananda, Mohamed M.M. Metwally, Irmina Maria Michałek, Giuseppe Minervini, Wai‐Kit Ming, Andreea Mirică, Alireza Mirkheshti, Vinaytosh Mishra, Hebatalla Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Mona Gamal Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Taj Mohammad, Abdolreza Mohammadi, Shafiu Mohammed, Yahaya Mohammed, Syam Mohan, Mohammad Mohseni, Amin Mohsenzadeh, Ali H. Mokdad, Peyman Mokhtarzadehazar, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Paula Moraga, Anthony Kwame Morgan, Shane D. Morrison, Mahmoud M Morsy, Seyed Ahmad Mousavi, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi Kiasary, Hagar Lotfy Mowafy, Kimia Mozahheb Yousefi, Rabia Mubarak, Sumaira Mubarik, Ulrich Müeller, Sumoni Mukherjee, Francesk Mulita, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Kavita Munjal, Anjana Munshi, Christopher J L Murray, Fungai Musaigwa, Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa, Mubarak Taiwo Mustapha, Muthupandian Saravanan, Claude Mambo Muvunyi, Muhammad Muzaffar, Woojae Myung, Ayoub Nafei, Pirouz Naghavi, Amirhossein Naghibzadeh, Mobin Naghshbandi, Ganesh R. Naik, Gurudatta Naik, Firzan Nainu, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Soroush Najdaghi, Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen, Arindam Nandi, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Shumaila Nargus, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, Mahmoud Nassar, Zuhair S. Natto, Zakira Naureen, Samidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Shalini Ganesh Ganesh Nayak, Md Fahad Shahariar Nayon, Athare Nazri-Panjaki, Pacifique Ndishimye, Ionuţ Negoi, Samata Nepal, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Nhan P. T. 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Saleh, Mahdi Salehi, Aanuoluwa James Salemcity, Dauda Salihu, Sohrab Salimi, Pegah Salimi Pormehr, Malik Sallam, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Saad Samargandy, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Abdallah M Samy, Sathish Sankar, Adekunle Sanyaolu, Jacob Owusu Sarfo, Hemen Sarma, Mohammad Sarmadi, Sachin C. Sarode, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Mehrdad Savabi Far, Monika Sawhney, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Chrıstophe Schınckus, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Art Schuermans, Amin Sedigh, Mohammad H. Semreen, Sabyasachi Senapati, Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie, Pallav Sengupta, Yiğit Şenol, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Dragoş Şerban, Yashendra Sethi, Seyed Mohammad Seyed Alshohadaei, Abubakar Sha’aban, Muhammad Shahab, Samiah Shahid, Wajeehah Shahid, Farshad Shahkarami, Fatemeh Shahrahmani, Moyad Shahwan, Ahmed Shaikh, Masood Ali Shaikh, Nafhat Shaikh, Alireza Shakeri, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran, Anas Shamsi, Alfiya Shamsutdinova, Dan Shan, Mohammed Shannawaz, Bunty Sharma, Manoj Sharma, Vishal Sharma, Ramzi Shawahna, Maryam Shayan, Suchitra Shenoy, Samendra P. Sherchan, Shiran Shetty, Md. Monir Hossain Shimul, Aminu Shittu, Zahra Shokati Eshkiki, Azad Shokri, Sina Shool, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Kerem Shuval, Zahra Siavashpour, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Ayesha Siddiqua, Gustavo Correia Basto da Silva, Luís R. Silva, Amit Kumar Singh, Baljinder Singh, Bhim Pratap Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Ambrish Singh, Kalpana Singh, Poornima Suryanath Singh, Samer Singh, Satwinder Singh, Mukesh Kumar Sinha, Ebrahim Abdela Siraj, Natia Skhvitaridze, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Md. Salman Sohel, Anton Sokhan, Ahmed M. Soliman, May Mohamed Sherif Soliman, Noha Salah Soliman, Sameh S. M. Soliman, Weiyi Song, Aayushi Sood, Prashant Sood, Soroush Soraneh, Reed J D Sorensen, Michele Sorrentino, Μichael Spartalis, Manraj Singh, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Bahadar S. Srichawla, Vignes Anand Srinivasalu, Manikandan Srinivasan, Devin Bailey Srivastava, Andy Stergachis, Aleksandar Stevanović, Omer Subasi, Muritala Odidi Suleiman Odidi, Muhammad Suleman, Mark J. M. Sullman, Anusha Sultan Meo, Zhong Sun, Thanigaivel Sundaram, David Sunkersing, Tarun Kumar Suvvari, Chandan Kumar Swain, Łukasz Szarpak, Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Seyed‐Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Celine Tabche, Ramin Tabibi, Takahiro Tabuchi, Lidia S. Seifu Tadesse, Farzad Taghizadeh‐Hesary, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Shima Tajabadi, Iman M. Talaat, Byomkesh Talukder, Mircea Tampa, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Ker‐Kan Tan, Saba Tariq, Anika Tasnim, Nathan Y Tat, Vivian Y Tat, Birhan Tsegaw Taye, Yibekal Manaye Tefera, Gizaw Hailiye Teferi, Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot, Mohamad‐Hani Temsah, Reem Temsah, Wegen Beyene Tesfamariam, Jay Tewari, Samar Tharwat, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Marius B. Tincho, Sojit Tomo, Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, Khaled Trabelsi, Quynh Thuy Huong Tran, Tanja Tran, Thang Huu Tran, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Indang Trihandini, Tulika Tripathi, Samuel Tromans, Claudia Truppa, Daniel Hsiang‐Te Tsai, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Lilian Tzivian, Atta Ullah, Riaz Ullah, Saeed Ullah, Lawan Umar, Muhammad Umar, Brigid Unim, Era Upadhyay, Jeba Mahiad Urmey, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Hande Uzunçıbuk, Nazim Uzzaman, Pratyusha Vadagam, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Jef Van den Eynde, Joe Varghese, Tommi Vasankari, Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan, Baskar Venkidasamy, Simone Villa, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Leonardo Villani, Manish Vinayak, Francesco Saverio Violante, Senthil Visaga Ambi, Yasir Waheed, Megha Walia, Cong Wang, Qingzhi Wang, Ruixuan Wang, Wei Wang, Xing Wang, Ahmed Bilal Waqar, Muhammad Waqas, Joseph Ward, Yilkal Abebaw Wassie, Ishanka Weerasekara, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Angga Wilandika, Peter Willeit, Marcin W. Wojewodzic, Yohannes Chemere Wondmeneh, Haileyesus Gedamu Wondyifraw, Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah, Meron Worku, Felicia Wu, James Fan Wu, Qing Xia, Guangqin Xiao, Lishun Xiao, Wanqing Xie, Site Xu, Mingyang Xue, Mukesh Yadav, Sajad Yaghoubi, Saba Yahoo, Galal Yahya, Xinxin Yang, Laiang Yao, Mohamed A. Yassin, Yuichi Yasufuku, Sanni Yaya, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Saber Yezli, Yazachew Engida Yismaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Chun-Wei Yuan, Ghazala Yunus, Umar Yunusa, Manijeh Zaghampour, Fathiah Zakham, Giulia Zamagni, Mohammed Zawiah, Mohammed G M Zeariya, Alemu Birara Zemariam, Tiansong Zhan, Casper J. P. Zhang, Jinpeng Zhang, Xiyu Zhang, Anthony Zhong, Jiayan Zhou, Bin Zhu, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Hafsa Zia, Magdalena Zielińska, Ghazal Zoghi, Rafat Zrieq, Ahed Zyoud, Sa’ed H. Zyoud, Shaher H. Zyoud, Simon I Hay, Stephen S Lim, Jonathan F Mosser