Aerobic Intermittent Hypoxic Training Is Not Beneficial for Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Le résumé fourni par la source

ABSTRACT Although many studies have investigated whether aerobic training in hypoxia (IHT) could bring advantages to maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ) and sea‐level performance when compared to analogous normoxic training (NT), the literature results are inconsistent. This variability may come from differences in population, training protocols, hypoxic methods, and potential bias. Therefore, a comprehensive meta‐analysis with strict inclusion criteria is needed to assess the effects of aerobic IHT on V̇O 2max and performance. This study aims to review previous meta‐analyses and analyze all parallel‐design studies examining the effect of aerobic IHT compared to NT on V̇O 2max and sea‐level aerobic performance. Systematic research was conducted following PRISMA guidelines regarding the effects of aerobic IHT on sea‐level V̇O 2max and performance outcomes. The analysis accounted for characteristics of the population, training protocol, hypoxic environment, and publication details. A total of 35 studies involving 524 participants were included. The analysis showed that IHT, compared to NT, did not significantly improve V̇O 2max ( p = 0.333), peak power output ( p = 0.159), and time to exhaustion ( p = 0.410). Subgroup analyses identified no significant differences based on fitness level ( p = 0.690) and exercise modality ( p = 0.900); however, a publication bias was found ( p = 0.004). These results suggest that, despite some enthusiastic findings in the literature, possibly influenced by publication‐related biases, aerobic IHT does not offer superior improvement in V̇O 2max and performance compared with NT. Therefore, adding hypoxia to aerobic exercise does not enhance training adaptations.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.