Stem Cell Therapy for Ocular Regeneration: A Review Article

Le résumé fourni par la source

Stem cell therapy (SC) is emerging as a promising approach in ocular regenerative medicine, offering new alternatives for diseases that lead to progressive or sudden vision loss.Clinical and pre-clinical studies with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and limbal stem cells show the capacity to repopulate the corneal epithelium, replace retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and even generate functional photoreceptors.Phase I/II trials in age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and limbal deficiency report sustained visual improvement in part of the patients, with a low incidence of serious adverse events.Nevertheless, broad clinical application still faces obstacles such as immune rejection, the risk of tumorigenesis and incomplete functional integration of transplanted cells.In parallel, advances in scaffold bioengineering, CRISPR gene editing and MSC based immunomodulation have increased protocol safety and efficacy.This review updates the main evidence on SC use for corneal, retinal and RPE regeneration, analyzes methodological gaps and proposes future perspectives, emphasizing the need for standardized cultures, good manufacturing practice scale up and harmonized regulatory frameworks.Although significant challenges remain, ocular cell therapy is moving toward becoming a fundamental component of the therapeutic arsenal against blindness.Finally, the importance of multicenter randomized trials to confirm long term efficacy and establish robust clinical guidelines is highlighted.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.