Intrinsic nutrients and defensive compounds drive coarse woody debris decay in five dominant subtropical tree species, China

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). Fast-decaying species were characterized by high hemicellulose, cellulose, and phosphorus (P) content, with rapid P release within the first decay year and nitrogen (N) accumulation over time. Tannin initially inhibited decay in fast-decaying species, but defensive compounds (tannins and phenolics) showed no sustained effect on decomposition rates. These findings indicate active CWD decomposition in subtropical forests, where P limitation outweighs N for broadleaves and bamboo. Defensive compounds only weakly influenced early-stage decay. Our results enhance the understanding of deadwood decomposition and carbon sink dynamics in subtropical ecosystems.

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