POS1184 INVESTIGATING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SARS-COV-2 INFECTION, COVID-19 VACCINATION, AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN A PEDIATRIC POPULATION: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

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Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic there were reports of an increased association between COVID 19 and various autoimmune diseases (AID) in adults. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the incidence of AIDs in children before and during the pandemic and explores potential links to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: We analyzed 493,705 anonymized medical records from Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel's second-largest healthcare provider, to study autoimmune disease incidence during 2014-2022 (C) and in two equal time periods before the COVID-19 pandemic (A and B). Results: Of 4,596 (0.9%) patients diagnosed with an autoimmune disease in the cohort, incidence rates were 0.9% for Group A (2014-2016), 1.0% for Group B (2017-2019), and 0.9% for Group C (2020-2022) (p = 0.13). Logistic regression showed no significant differences in overall autoimmune disease incidence between the pre-COVID and COVID periods. Notably, specific conditions like celiac disease showed reduced incidence in Group A (OR 0.8309, p=0.0071) while arthritis was significantly more common in Groups A and B. Additionally, COVID-19 diagnosis was not significantly associated with increased autoimmune disease risk (HR 1.092, p=0.491); however, receiving at least one COVID vaccine was linked to higher risk (HR 1.2323, p=0.0033). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the overall incidence of new-onset autoimmune diseases in children remained relatively stable during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study indicates a potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases, necessitating further research to elucidate long-term effects in the pediatric population. REFERENCES: NIL . Acknowledgements: NIL . Disclosure of Interests: None declared . © The Authors 2025. This abstract is an open access article published in Annals of Rheumatic Diseases under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Neither EULAR nor the publisher make any representation as to the accuracy of the content. The authors are solely responsible for the content in their abstract including accuracy of the facts, statements, results, conclusion, citing resources etc.

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