Is enteral vitamin A supplementation the right approach for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants?

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BackgroundVitamin A is a fat-soluble micronutrient crucial for vision, immune function, and cellular growth. Deficiency remains a significant public health issue, particularly in developing countries, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite various supplementation and fortification programs, vitamin A deficiency persists due to dietary inadequacies and socioeconomic disparities. Recent studies have also explored concerns about excessive intake, linking high doses to toxicity and adverse health outcomes.AimThis letter aims to highlight the ongoing challenges in addressing vitamin A deficiency, emphasize the importance of balanced intake, and propose strategic interventions for improving vitamin A status globally. Strengthening public health initiatives and increasing awareness about the risks of both deficiency and toxicity can lead to better health outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess the current burden of vitamin A deficiency, discuss the limitations of existing supplementation and fortification programs, and suggest evidence-based strategies to ensure optimal vitamin A levels in at-risk populations.MethodsNot Applicable.ResultsDespite extensive public health efforts, vitamin A deficiency affects millions, particularly children and pregnant women. While supplementation has shown benefits in reducing mortality and blindness, gaps in distribution, adherence, and dietary diversification hinder progress. Additionally, excessive vitamin A intake has been associated with hepatotoxicity and teratogenic effects, necessitating a balanced approach.ConclusionAddressing vitamin A deficiency requires a multifaceted approach, including sustainable dietary interventions, improved supplementation strategies, and stricter regulation of fortified foods to prevent toxicity. Strengthening nutrition education and integrating vitamin A programs with broader health initiatives can enhance effectiveness and long-term impact.

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