Sustainable Solution for Domestic Wastewater Treatment: Aerobic Granular Sludge Cultivation in a Continuous Flow Reactor

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Abstract Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) technology has emerged as a promising method for improving wastewater treatment performance, particularly in continuous flow systems. This study aimed to cultivate AGS in a lab-scale continuous flow reactor and evaluate its efficiency in nutrient and COD removal. Over a 40-day period, the AGS-Extended Aeration (AGS-EA) system achieved a maximum COD removal of 83%, with an average removal efficiency of 63%. Total Nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency reached 100% on Day 9, stabilizing at 67% by Day 24. However, phosphorus (42%) and ammoniacal nitrogen (55%) removal were less consistent, with some effluent parameters not meeting discharge standards. Granule development was observed, with sizes ranging from 1.0 mm to 1.4 mm. In this study an intensive monitoring on the sludge characteristic, formation of granules and effluent treatment performance has been made. The AGS-EA bioreactor operated with 8 hours HRT continuously for 24-hours and it has been tested for 40 days. These findings demonstrate the potential of the AGS-EA system for domestic wastewater treatment, though further optimization of operational parameters is needed to enhance granule size and system stability.

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