2. Greek Slavery and Honour: Institutional and Prototypical Approaches

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He GreekS Had altoGetHer too Many Slave WordS', wrote M. I. Finley, and with good reason.1 The lexicon of slavery in Greek is extensive, and the precise meanings of these terms have been the subject of debate since antiquity (e.g.Athen.Deip.6, 262b-275b; Poll.Onom.3.73-83).2 If that were not complicated enough, the most common of Greek slave words, doulos, along with its derivatives (e.g.doulosynē, douleia, doulios, doulikos, douloprepēs etc.) and antonym (eleutheros), can equally be said to have had altogether too many uses, extending beyond legal slavery to cover various asymmetrical relationships -something that becomes readily apparent from close study of classical Greek literature, and which also was debated in antiquity, neatly exemplified by Dio Chrysostom's fourteenth and fifteenth Discourses.Controversy has continued since Finley's day about this phenomenon, both in terms of the emic viewpoint (i.e.how the Greeks themselves used and understood their terminology of slavery and freedom) and the etic viewpoint (i.e.how such emic conceptions can be reconciled with modern categories of social and legal analysis such as slavery, debt bondage, serfdom etc.).It would be fair to say that no consensus has yet been reached, and vigorous debate continues apace.3 ' * Versions of this paper were delivered at Nottingham (July 2017), Belfast (April 2018) and Cambridge (November 2019) as well as at the Slavery and Honour conference in 2019; I thank the audiences for their questions, comments and criticisms.I am in the unusual but fortunate position of having the outline of some of this essay already in print, since the conference version of this chapter was incorporated with permission into the argument of Kostas Vlassopoulos' recent book (Vlassopoulos 2021).The arguments of this chapter expand on those made in Flohr and Lewis (forthcoming), Lavan and Lewis (forthcoming); translations are mine unless otherwise noted.My thanks to Douglas Cairns and Mirko Canevaro for vital corrections and suggestions on an earlier version of this chapter.I also thank Edward Harris, Jakub Filonik, Ulrike Roth and Marios Anastasiadis for reading the essay in draft and offering sage advice.

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