Comparative evaluation of human papillomavirus DNA and liquid-based cytology in screening of cervical cancer

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Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women worldwide with approximately 604,127 new cases and 341,831 deaths reported in 2020. It takes around 10-20 years for progression from mild dysplasia to invasive cancer, allowing early detection through screening . Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at GSVM medical college Kanpur between december 2022 to december 2023 involving 241 women aged 30-65 years attending the gynecology OPD. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing was conducted on each woman irrespective of complain of presentation. Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 39.65 years. HPV DNA had a higher sensitivity (95.24%) than LBC (89.68%). Specificity of HPV DNA (72.16%) was slightly lesser than LBC (79.92%). Positive and negative predictive value for HPV DNA and LBC are (46.1%, 96.22%) and (49.68%, 94.68%) respectively. Area under curve for HPV DNA (0.79) was higher than LBC (0.74) proving its higher diagnosing accuracy. The cluster analysis showed HPV+ clusters covered more area and distribution than LBC proving its better performance. Conclusions: HPV DNA testing showed superior sensitivity compared to LBC. HPV DNA's higher diagnostic accuracy and broader coverage make it a more reliable screening tool.

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