Communication strategies for delivering personalised dementia care and support: a mixed-methods systematic review and narrative synthesis

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BACKGROUND: Given the significant burden and rising prevalence of dementia, it is essential that personalised care is available to people with dementia (PWD) and their family carers. This involves tailoring support to meet individuals' unique needs and preferences. Effective communication is fundamental to delivering such care, yet dementia impacts communication, posing challenges in meeting individuals' needs. AIM: To understand key communication strategies used by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in delivering personalised dementia care. METHODS: A systematic search across MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted (April 2024) without limits on care setting, country or publication date. We identified studies examining communication strategies, barriers, and facilitators for delivering personalised care for PWD and their carers. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Using codebook thematic analysis, a narrative synthesis of findings was developed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The review included 33 studies, encompassing qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods research conducted in hospitals, care homes and community settings. Most studies originate from high-income countries and care homes, limiting generalisability. Three themes on communication strategies for delivering personalised dementia care were developed: understanding the person, their family and their care context; communication techniques (verbal, nonverbal and use of external aids); and support for the workforce. The review underscores the importance of combining practical, emotional and relational approaches while highlighting current gaps, such as the need for better workforce support and more research in primary care and culturally diverse contexts.

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