Autologous HIV-specific T cell therapy targeting conserved epitopes is well-tolerated in six adults with HIV: an open-label, single-arm phase 1 study

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Novel cellular therapies may enable HIV control or cure. HIV-specific T cells targeting conserved immunogenic protein regions of HIV Gag/Pol and the entirety of HIV Nef, termed HST-NEETs, eliminate HIV infected cells in vitro. Here we enroll seven participants in an open-label, single-arm phase 1 study (NCT03485963) to evaluate the safety (primary endpoint) of two autologous administrations of HST-NEET products without prescribed lymphodepletion. Adults with well-controlled HIV on anti-retroviral therapy are eligible. Six participants completed safety monitoring. No serious product-related toxicities are observed. Secondary endpoints are to assess expansion and persistence of HIV-reactive T cell clones, and changes to the HIV reservoir for each infused participant. HIV-specific T cell and HIV anti-Env antibody responses increase in two participants after infusion two. A trend towards decreasing levels of intact proviruses is observed in 2 participants. Three participants show persistence of HIV-reactive, product-associated T cell clones for ≥40 weeks post infusions. HST-NEETs infusions are well-tolerated. Future trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of HST-NEETs in this population. While anti-retroviral therapy (ART) helps contain HIV, whether adoptive T cell therapy further improve the prognosis is unclear. Here the authors conduct an open-label, single-arm phase 1 study to assess the safety (primary outcome) and characteristic (secondary outcome) of autologous, HIV-specific T cell therapy to find it safe to warrant further efficacy assessment.

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