Posttraumatic growth in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: prevalence and associated factors

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Aims While traumatic experiences can be distressing, they may also foster psychological growth, a phenomenon known as post-traumatic growth (PTG). The aims were to determine 1) the prevalence of PTG, and 2) the influence of survivor characteristics during hospitalization on levels of PTG at follow-up in a Danish cohort of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. Methods A multicenter prospective cohort study including OHCA survivors, exploring soci-odemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics using the Montreal Cognitive Assess-ment (MoCA), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Crisis Support Scale (CSS) during hospitalization. At three-month follow-up, structured interviews were conducted to assess PTG at personal, relational, and institutional levels. The influence of survivor characteristics on PTG was explored using Pearson’s chi-square tests. Results Overall, 173 survivors were included. At follow-up, 87% of survivors reported hav-ing one or more levels of PTG. The analysis revealed that the absence of cognitive impairment (MoCA ≥26 vs. MoCA <26) was associated with personal growth (p= .02), being younger (<58 years vs. ≥58 years) with relational growth (p= .03) and being female or having symp-toms of depression (HADS ≥8 vs. HADS<8), with institutional growth (p= .02 and p= .04), respectively. Conclusion The OHCA survivors reported high levels of PTG at three-month follow-up. The type of PTG level was influenced by the absence of cognitive impairment, younger age, fe-male sex, and symptoms of depression during hospitalisation. Social support, symptoms of anxiety, and traumatic distress did not significantly influence the level of PTG.

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