Cultural Contexts Meet Clinical Precision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sarcopenia Screening Tools in Global Aging Communities

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In an aging world population, prevention is essential because sarcopenia, a loss of muscular mass and function brought on by aging, significantly raises health risks and healthcare expenses. This PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024512949) evaluates the diagnostic performance of sarcopenia screening tools for community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed 27 studies (21,271 older adults) assessing eight tools. Databases were searched until February 20, 2024. While questionnaire-only tools performed worse (AUC: 0.68), tools that combined various approaches exhibited the highest accuracy (AUC: 0.89), and the performance of anthropometric instruments was good (AUC: 0.84). The Ishii tool showed the best performance (AUC: 0.89 [0.85–0.92]), and SARC-F the lowest (AUC: 0.68 [0.62–0.73]). Subgroup analysis revealed more studies and greater heterogeneity in Asia, likely due to cultural, lifestyle, and diagnostic criteria. Culturally adapted, multi-method strategies are needed to improve early detection and care.

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