Bacterial and Parasitic Etiologies and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Children with Diarrheal Disease at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia

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Background: Diarrheal disease is a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing country like Ethiopia. The contribution of the various pathogens of diarrhea may differ substantially between regions depending on local meteorological, geographic and socio-economic conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial and parasitic etiologies and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among children under the age of 15 years at Adama hospital medical college. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Adama hospital medical college. A total of 301 were recruited. A consecutive sampling technique was employed. Stool samples were collected with a sterile clean and leakproof plastic container from children who came with diarrheal disease. SPSS software version 21 was used for the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with parasites and bacterial isolates. Adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and p-value was used to measure the strength of association. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant association. Results: A total of 301 cases with diarrheal disease were included in this study. Parasites and bacterial isolates were detected in 44 (14.6%) and 34 (11.2%) cases respectively. The majority of bacterial enteropathogens isolates were Shigella spp 17 (5.6%) followed by enterohemorrgic E.coli O157:H7 13 (4.3%) and Salmonella spp 4 (1.3%). G. lamblla was detected in 19 (6.3%) cases. E.coli and Shigella were found to be resistant for trimethoprim by 92.3% and 87.5% respectively. All bacterial isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacilin, ceftriaxone, azitromicine, cifapim and cephazolin. The most common associated factors for prevalent of bacterial and parasite isolates were age, gender, number of household members and number of rooms in house. Conclusion: The isolated bacterial causative agents of diarrhea among children under 15 years age were Shigella spp 17 (5.6%), E.coli 0157 11 (4.3) and Salmonella spp 4 (1.3%) and were resistant for one or more drugs typically commonly prescribed drugs such as cotrimoxazol, augmentin and ampicillin. Keywords Diarrhea; Enteric pathogens; Antibiotics resistant; Adama

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