Comparison of Methods to Assess Discretionary Salt Intake among Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Punjab, India
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Le résumé fourni par la source
Background Accurate and precise estimates of discretionary salt intake are critical for the design of salt fortification programs and salt reduction interventions. Objective To compare four methods of estimating discretionary salt intake among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Punjab, India. Methods One-day, observer-recorded, weighed food records (WFR), household salt disappearance (HHSD) data, duplicate diet composites, and samples of household salt and milk samples were collected from 100 women and repeated in a subset of 40 to adjust for intra-person variation and estimate usual discretionary salt intake. Diet composites were also replicated from 40 randomly selected WFR but prepared without the addition of discretionary salt. The duplicate diet composites' sodium and iodine contents were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)-Optical Emission Spectrometry and ICP-Mass Spectrometry, respectively. The iodine content of household salt samples was analyzed using the Ion Selective Electrode method. The association and agreement between the WFR method, the selected reference method, and the HHSD, replicate diet (RD) and iodine (IM) methods was explored using correlation and Bland-Altman analyses. Results Mean ± SD discretionary salt intakes according to the WFR, HHSD, RD, and IM methods were 4.7 ± 1.8 g/d, 5.7 ± 2.6 g/d, 4.1 ± 2.1 g/d, and 7.8 ± 5.3 g/d, respectively. The RD method showed the strongest correlation (ρ = 0.76, p < 0.001) and the smallest mean difference ± SD (−0.68 ± 1.25 g/d), with limits of agreement from −3.18 to 1.82 g/d, compared to the WFR method. However, the HHSD method was also moderately correlated (ρ=0.49: p < 0.001) and showed good agreement (0.98 ± 2.12 [-3.27,5.23] g/d) with the WFR despite lower precision. Conclusions Though intensive to implement, the WFR and RD methods produce precise estimates of discretionary salt intake. Repeated measurements may improve the precision of the HHSD method for large population-based surveys.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Comparison of Methods to Assess Discretionary Salt Intake among Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Punjab, India
- Date Crossref
- 01/06/2025
- Éditeur
- Elsevier BV
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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University of California Department of Pediatrics pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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International Zinc Association pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisation à but non lucratif
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Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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University of Colorado Denver pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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University of Otago Department of Human Nutrition pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group pays non établi dans la noticeInstitution
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Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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University of Colorado School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics-Section of Nutrition pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
Department of Pediatrics — University of California, International Zinc Association et Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, avec 5 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.