Smart villages: a systematic review of trends, models, and metrics

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Identifying the smart village model is crucial due to the diverse conditions and landscapes of villages. Rice fields, coastal areas and mountainous regions each require different smart village models. This review of smart village is based on a theoretical analysis of 22 key indices obtained through a bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature search in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We first identified a total of 1598 papers from the Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases. In deciding which papers to include in the more detailed analysis of the practical utility of prospective knowledge, 54 papers were identified that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria outlined in the PRISMA model. The adopted criteria cover all major areas, namely technological support, social aspects, ecology and financial security, giving a diverse perspective to problem solving in the context of rural community development. As has been shown when considering the Smart Village paradigm of organisational and social development based on information and communication technology, the aspiration is to achieve the kind of quality of life in the village that is implied and expected by the recognition of cultural and traditional justice. Thus, there are further areas for further research to understand how more can be derived from this metric, in addition to the longevity of the metric as a measure for the realisation of smart village development.