Overexpression of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene GuPAL1 Promotes Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Le résumé fourni par la source
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) serves as a pivotal regulatory enzyme at the initial branching point of the phenylpropanoid pathway, exerting a profound influence on downstream reactions essential for flavonoid biosynthesis. Glycyrrhiza species are important medicinal plants and provide plenty of roots as raw materials for further utilization, with the components of glycyrrhizic acid and flavonoids as two major active ingredients. However, functional studies of the PAL genes in the medicinal Glycyrrhiza species remain limited. In this study, we identified seven PAL family genes from each of the three medicinal Glycyrrhiza species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., G. inflata Bat., and G. glabra L., and comprehensively analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, motif distributions, and promoter cis-elements. Gene expression profiling revealed that PAL1 is highly expressed in roots and significantly induced by drought and salt stresses. We further selected G. uralensis GuPAL1 for functional investigation in Arabidopsis. GuPAL1-overexpression lines (GuPAL1-OE) demonstrated significant enhancements in plant growth, flavonoid accumulation, and hormone levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Conversely, the Atpal1 mutant plants displayed marked reductions in these traits, while the transgenic lines of GuPAL1-OE in the Atpal1 mutant (Atpal1/GuPAL1) recovered to the normal phenotypes similar to wild type (WT). Transcriptomic analysis of the GuPAL1-OE plants compared to WT demonstrated that several key genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolic pathways (4CL, CCoAOMT, CAD, POD, F3H, FLS) were significantly enriched, suggesting that GuPAL1 may promote plant growth and flavonoid biosynthesis by regulating diverse cellular functions, metabolic pathways, and associated gene expressions. These findings highlight the functional importance of GuPAL1 in flavonoid biosynthesis, and provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the medicinal properties of Glycyrrhiza species.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Overexpression of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene GuPAL1 Promotes Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
- Date Crossref
- 25/04/2025
- Éditeur
- MDPI AG
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
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Shihezi University pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisation à but non lucratif
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University of Central Florida pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Henan University pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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College of Life Sciences Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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College of Engineering and Computer Science Department of Civil pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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School of Life Science National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
Shihezi University, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps et University of Central Florida, avec 4 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.