Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolic Disease in ICU Gabriel Toure University Hospital

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Summary: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are two entities of venous thromboembolism (VTE) whose incidence is difficult to assess. Objective: This paper aims to evaluate the prevalence of venous thromboembolism. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective collection, over 12 months from May 1, 2023 to April 30, 2024. Results: We admitted 627 patients including 6 cases of VTE, with a prevalence of 096%. The average age was 49.67 ± 17.58 years with extremes of 30 to 71 years, the sex ratio 0.2, and housewives represented 33.3%. The transient risk factors (FDR) were prolonged immobilization ≥ 05 days (05 cases) 83.3%, major surgery (01 case) 16.7%, spinal cord trauma (01 case) 16.7%, central venous catheter (04 cases) 66.6%; the permanent risk factors (FDR) were obesity (04 cases) 66.6%, age (3 cases) 50%, high blood pressure (hypertension) (3 cases) 50%, cancer (01 case) 16.7%. The main clinical signs were dyspnea (100%), tachycardia (33.3%), chest pain (33.3%), and Homans sign with increased local heat (01 cases) 16.7%. The diagnoses retained were PE (04 cases) 83.3%, PE + DVT (01 case) 16.7% and DVT (01 case) 16.7%. All patients were placed on oxygen therapy, (02 cases) intubated and ventilated, (02 cases) High Flow Oxygenation, (02 cases) on amines such as dobutamine + norepinephrine and norepinephrine alone (83.3%) of patients were placed on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and 16.7% on low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The average length of stay was 7.3 ± 3.33 days with extremes of 4 to 13 days and the lethality of (03 cases) 50% of which (02 cases) had sPESI ≥ 2. Conclusion: The diagnosis and management of VTE remains difficult and responsible for significant morbidity and mortality.

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