Effects of GLP ‐1 Receptor Agonists on Paediatric Population in a Real World Setting

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OBJECTIVE: Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity is increasing in children. We aimed to observe the metabolic health effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in paediatric patients with T2DM in a real-world setting. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients aged 0 to 18 years with T2DM who were started on a GLP-1 receptor agonist between August 2019 and August 2023 and followed for up to 24 months was included in this study. RESULTS: 321 patients were included in the analysis. After 12 months of treatment with a GLP-1 receptor agonist, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was reduced by -1.04% ± 2.3% (p < 0.001). At 24 months, HbA1c was similar to baseline (8.3% ± 2.5% vs. 7.9% ± 2.5%, p = 0.24). There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the use of metformin, basal insulin, and bolus insulin at one year which was sustained at the two-year follow-up for metformin (p = 0.002). Overall, there was no significant change in BMI nor other metabolic parameters while undergoing treatment with a GLP-1 receptor agonist. CONCLUSION: Paediatric patients with T2DM using GLP-1 receptor agonists experienced a significant decrease in HbA1c after 12 months of use, which was not sustained at 24 months. However, patients had a reduction in insulin and metformin use at 12 months. No significant impact was appreciated on BMI or other metabolic variables.

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