Added Value of Multisectoral Collaboration (One Health) for Proactive Vector-Borne Disease Control in a Context of Climate Change: The Case of a Joint System Evaluation of Malaria Sentinel Surveillance with Its Climatic Factors in Senegal

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Abstract Located in a malaria-endemic zone, Senegal is a highly climate-sensitive vector-borne disease that has benefited from sentinel surveillance system stabilization since 2012. However, the system notes a weakness in the correlation between malaria morbidity data and its climatic factors. Hence the interests in evaluating the malaria sentinel surveillance system and its climatic factors in 2020. Thus a cross-sectional study with analytical aims, respecting ethical considerations and the One Health approach principles, was carried out from 1 January to 31 December 2020 in Senegal. Data was collected from 90 interviewees in nine sentinel site-weather station couples (SS-WS couples) with a view to a multivariate analysis using Excel 2010 ®, QGIS® and Stata SE/15.1 ® software. The findings showed that 92.2% of respondents were at decentralized level. And at central level, four ministerial departments were responsible for coordination: primatorial (14.3%), health (28.6%), meteorological (14.3%) and environmental (42.9%). The mean age was 44.5 ± 9.9 years, with males predominating (78%). Physicians (20%) were more represented, followed by nurses (18%) and senior technicians (18%). The community staff was represented at 6%, including 1.1% at the Gabou (Bakel) rain station. In terms of attributes, the surveillance system was 100% available, 91.6% flexible and 81.9% representative, as opposed to promptness (62.7%), completeness (78.3%) and accuracy (72.3%). Finally, multiple linear regression showed the associated climatic factors with malaria incidence like: insolation ( p = 0.003), evaporation ( p = 0.001), rainfall ( p = 0.000) and wind ( p = 0.000). In conclusion, a good malaria sentinel surveillance system was remarked, although the One Health approach needs to be improved in Senegal for synchronous (multisectoral) and integrated surveillance. Information © The Authors 2025

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