Hydrogen production and import thermal energy recovery and use: a study on water electrolysis waste heat and ammonia cracking cold utilisation

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The aim of this study is to quantify and utilize waste heat from wind-farm-powered water electrolysers and ammonia cracking. The port of Rotterdam, as a case study, has been analyzed where the transport of 4.6 Mt hydrogen and water electrolysis, powered by wind farms, is planned. A dynamic model was developed to calculate waste heat from an electrolyser powered by fluctuating electricity inputs from offshore wind power. Moreover, thermal analysis of ammonia cracking process streams was conducted. It was observed that integrating water electrolysis waste heat into the ammonia cracking process is not only a promising novel application for the reuse of the electrolysis waste heat, but also it can potentially enhance cracking efficiency by 2 % while creating synergies within the hydrogen industry. Additionally, waste heat can be used for district heating saving more than 70 % of energy and reducing CO 2 by just as much. In parallel, cold utilisation from ammonia cracking was explored for CO 2 and H 2 compression, as well as industrial cold storage to observe that technical implementation is possible. • Multiple novel and common heat and cold utilisation applications are compared. • First exploration of ammonia cracking cold utilisation. • Novel synergies between water electrolysis and ammonia cracking. • Electrolysis waste heat integration in cracking is preferred over district heating. • In this study, 98 % of waste heat can be integrated in ammonia cracking.

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