Pathophysiology and Risk Factors Associated With Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Le résumé fourni par la source

Globally, the rate of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders increases gradually. GI inflammation involves an abnormal immune response triggered by various stimuli, dysregulation of immune cells, principally the activation of proinflammatory cytokines like interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), that initiates and propagates mucosal damage. Unhealthy diet, poor life schedule, genetic factors, stress, and long-term medication may be the few common reasons for GI disorders which are generally caused by GI inflammation. Dysbiosis a GI disorder occurs due to imbalance in gut microbial composition and stands as a crucial factor, influencing immune modulation and barrier integrity. Disruptions in the delicate equilibrium between commensal and pathogenic microorganisms prompt common GI disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, Protein-Losing Enteropathy, Crohn’s Disease, Protein-Losing Enteropathy, and Ulcerative Colitis. Various microorganisms, viruses (e.g. Rotavirus), microbial (e.g. H. Pylori ) and parasitic agents (e.g. amoebiasis) are some of the mediators of pathogenic GI disorders. The pathophysiology of GI inflammation is a complex mechanism that involves various factors like transcription factors, NF-κB, and signaling cascades, including MAPK pathways, orchestrating inflammatory responses, and exacerbating GI inflammation. Furthermore, there are various other risk factors that amplify the inflammatory milieu within the GI tract such as Genetic Predisposition, Immune Dysregulation, Dietary Factors, Microbial Imbalance, Environmental Triggers, Infections and Pathogens, Lifestyle Habits, Autoimmune Conditions, Medication and NSAIDs and Psychological Factors. Understanding these risk factors and addressing them through changes in diet, lifestyle, stress management, and the right medical interventions are very important for preventing or managing GI inflammation. Understanding these risk factors and addressing them through changes in diet, lifestyle, stress management, and the right medical interventions are very important for preventing or managing GI inflammation. This review delineates the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie gastrointestinal inflammation and identifies critical risk factors that contribute to its initiation.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.