A Qualitative Exploration of Video-Based Motor Action Observation Perceptions in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Asymptomatic Participants: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Preprint)

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BACKGROUND - OBJECTIVE This qualitative study explores the experiences and perceptions of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and asymptomatic participants as they observe exercise motor actions on videos accessed through social media, with an emphasis on identifying their interpretations, emotional responses, and potential differences between the groups. METHODS A cross-sectional qualitative approach using interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of individual experiences, following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research criteria. The sample included 20 participants, 10 with CLBP and 10 asymptomatic, recruited from rehabilitation clinics and a university population. RESULTS Three main themes were identified: emotional and motivational impact, self-assessment of physical ability, and cognitive assessment of movement. Patients with CLBP reported fear of movement, concern about potential pain, and greater difficulty interpreting the exercises, which affected their motivation and perception of competence. In contrast, the asymptomatic participants showed confidence in their ability to perform the exercises and used the videos as a motivational tool. Both groups paid attention to technical details, although motivations differed: the patients with CLBP sought to minimize risks, whereas the asymptomatic patients sought to improve their performance. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that action observation might have divergent effects depending on the health status of the observer. For patients with CLBP, fear and difficulty interpreting observed actions limit their motivation. Future studies should consider the development of tailored interventions that address these barriers, improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.

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