Identification and expression of the peach TNL RMia genes for the resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

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• The genomic region of the RMia root-knot nematode resistance gene in peach 'WFP' and 'Nemared' has been sequenced by NGS PacBio sequencing. • A new TNL resistance gene 'RMiaGC1′, identified in the new sequence and highly expressed upon RKN infection, is a good candidate to be the RMia gene. Two other TNL genes 'RMiaGC2 and RMiaGC3′ located in the same cluster showed slight over-expression during RKN infection. • We have developed new intragenic molecular markers associated with this resistance for use in marker-assisted selection in Prunus roostock breeding programs. Root-Knot Nematodes (RKN) are major pests for world agriculture. As RKN are polyphagous endoparasites, present in various climates and able to multiply rapidly, the quest to discover new natural resistances in plants is essential. In Prunus species, several major resistance genes to RKN that belong to the NLR family, have been detected in recent years. In Peach, the RMia gene, which confers resistance to the RKN Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria , and M. ethiopica, was localized on the chromosome 2. In this study, we used short- and long-read sequencing technologies to identify the RMia gene in two independent RKN-resistant peach varieties. We characterized three candidate genes and studied their expression profile upon RKN infection. Our study identified and characterized these candidates that are most likely involved in the RKN resistance. Ultimately, we developed new molecular markers associated to this resistance that can be used in breeding programs.

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