Modelling occurrence and environmental risk of azithromycin in an intermittent river: Applying hydrological and water quality models

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) and in surface waters were recorded in March 2021. The monitoring and modelling results indicated seasonal changes in AZ concentrations in surface waters: in August, the PEC was one order of magnitude lower than in March. The river reaches downstream of the inlets from the WWTPs presented the highest PEC of AZ, whereas a reduction of PEC was simulated moving downstream of the inlets. The results of the ecotoxicological risk assessment showed that in March most of the river network presented a PEC of AZ higher than the Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC). Coupling the two models has proven to be an effective approach to address the complex interaction between hydrology and water quality in intermittent rivers, suitable for identifying the occurrence and environmental risk of emerging pollutants, fundamental steps for their management.

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