Chromatographic Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Antalgic Activities of Hydromethanolic Extract and Essential Oil From Inula viscosa L. Roots

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ABSTRACT This study investigates the chemical composition and biological properties of the hydromethanolic extract (HME) and essential oil (EO) derived from Inula viscosa L. roots. HPLC‐DAD analysis revealed the presence of hesperidin (29.05%), naringenin (10.55%), kaempferide (1.08%), and tangeretin (0.36%) in HME. GC‐FID and GC‐MS analysis of EO indicated that the predominant compounds were β‐acorenol (11.36%) and 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2‐methylpropyl) ester (9.83%). The HME contained a significant amount of polyphenols (34.58 mg GAE g−1 extract). All extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity, outperforming standard antioxidants such as BHT and vitamins E and C. Furthermore, the extracts demonstrated moderate antimicrobial and high cytotoxic activity against selected microbial strains and Artemia salina, respectively, as well as potent antalgic effects comparable to paracetamol (88.35%). The findings highlight the value of I. viscosa roots as a natural resource for a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture. Its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties make it an appealing candidate for use as a natural preservative.

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