Indigenous Microstrip Band-Pass Filter for Electromagnetic Interference Mitigation in S-Band Doppler Weather Radar

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This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and experimental validation of a compact microstrip band-pass filter (BPF) optimized for Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) applications in the S-band, specifically at a center frequency of 2.8 GHz. The filter is designed using Rogers TMM 10i substrate, which has a relative permittivity (εr) of 9.8 and a thickness of 0.635 mm, ensuring a high-quality factor (Q-factor) and low insertion loss. A defected ground structure (DGS) is incorporated to enhance filter selectivity, improve out-of-band rejection, and suppress unwanted harmonics. The optimized structure achieves a compact footprint of 25 mm × 35 mm, making it suitable for integration into modern radar systems. Simulated and experimental results exhibit strong correlation, with an insertion loss (S21) of 0.2 dB at the center frequency and a return loss (S11) of -33 dB, indicating minimal signal reflections. The filter exhibits a quasi-reflectionless response, reducing impedance mismatches and enhancing overall signal integrity. Additionally, the design effectively mitigates electromagnetic interference (EMI) from nearby radio frequency (RF) sources, crucial for ensuring radar signal clarity. The fabrication process involved precision photolithography, and the filter was tested using a vector network analyzer (VNA) to verify performance. Future work includes integration with the DWR receiver front-end, field testing under different meteorological conditions, and further miniaturization to improve system efficiency. The proposed filter demonstrates a promising solution for radar applications requiring high performance, compact size, and EMI resilience in real-world environments.

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