Investigation of morphological changes around breakwaters with different wave-dissipating concrete blocks using physical and numerical models

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This study presents a small-scale laboratory experiment, and numerical simulations investigating the impact of wave-dissipating blocks on morphological changes, including scour in front of the breakwater and the settlement of the breakwater. The experiments were conducted under regular wave conditions to simulate a storm event. Morphological changes around Tetrapods and Tetraneos were compared, revealing less than 1 mm difference in the maximum scour depth. However, the maximum settlement of breakwaters composed of Tetraneos was notably smaller (about 6 mm). Following the installation of X-Block, the extent of morphological changes was significantly reduced. Numerical simulations of the breakwater directly installed on the seabed were performed using Delft3D. The effect of seabed roughness and the stress induced by wave forces were examined using numerical simulations. Results showed that variations in seabed roughness values across different stress equations could lead to a wide range of outcomes. Therefore, careful calibration of seabed roughness factors is essential for each simulation. Overall, Delft3D successfully simulated the scouring process, showing good agreement with experimental results.

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