Hippocratea africana root extract and fractions ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and kidney injuries in rats

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Abstract. Noah K, Edem UA, Iyanyi UL, Ajaghaku DL, Okokon JE. 2024. Hippocratea africana root extract and fractions ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and kidney injuries in rats. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 51-58. A common cause of renal failure with potential side effects is drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Renal damage in experiments is frequently induced chemically using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a well-known environmental contaminant with nephrotoxic effects. Intoxicated animals to CCl4 experience experimental oxidative stress in various physiological conditions that promote peroxidative degeneration in different tissues by binding to lipids, proteins, and DNA. The root of Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. was investigated to confirm its nephron-protective potential in CCl4-induced kidney injury in rats. The root extract at the concentrations range of 200-600 mg/kg and its fractions, dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous at the concentration of 400 mg/kg, was evaluated concerning the kidney damage in the rats induced with carbon tetrachloride (1.5 mL/kg). The anti-oxidative stress and reno-protective potentials of root extract and fractions in rats were determined by observing histological alterations, parameters of kidney function, and oxidative stress markers. The administration of root extract and fractions caused a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, SOD, and GSH) in the kidney, while the MDA level was decreased. The root extract/fractions also caused a significant (p<0.05-0.001) reduction in serum levels of creatinine, urea, and electrolytes in the rats significantly (p<0.05). The kidney histology of the rats treated with H. africana extract showed fewer abnormal characteristics than the organotoxic group. The findings demonstrated that the H. africana root extract and fractions could preserve the nephron and prevent oxidative stress. They also prevented CCl4-induced renal damage in rats, possibly due to the phytochemical content with antioxidant properties.

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