Factors Influencing Physical Therapist Career Choice for U.S. Pre-profession Undergraduate Students: Implications for Recruitment and Admissions

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Purpose: To explore the relationships between factors influencing healthcare career choices, demographics, select financial factors, and individuals' self-predicted likelihood of applying to an entry-level DPT program. Additionally, it seeks to identify perceived facilitators and barriers for students who have yet to apply. Methods: An embedded mixed methods research design was employed, utilizing a modified version of an existing survey instrument. A total of 182 responses were collected from college students ages 18-45 at two- and four-year private and public higher education institutions in the east south-central U.S. Following casewise diagnostics, 169 responses were included in the final multiple-regression analysis. Relationships between healthcare career choice, demographics, and financial predictive variables with the outcome of students’ self-reported likelihood of applying to an entry-level DPT program were explored. Additional open- and close-ended questions were included to enrich perspectives on career decision-making. Results: Analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001), with predictors accounting for 37.4% of student’s intention to apply to a DPT program. Significant positive predictors included previous exposure (p < 0.001), personal interest (p < 0.001), and job prospects (p = 0.04). Negative predictors were increased student debt levels (p = 0.02) and increased academic self-efficacy (p = 0.04). Triangulated open-ended responses supported findings, offering additional insights into career choice facilitators and deterrents. Discussion: Prospective U.S. students are drawn to physical therapy primarily due to previous exposure, alignment with personal interests, and favorable job prospects. However, high levels of student debt and factors surrounding academic self-efficacy currently serve as deterrents. Enhancing exposure to the physical therapy profession through personal connections and meaningful interactions at earlier ages can help prospective students develop interest and assess alignments with their personal beliefs, interests, and career expectations. Addressing financial, time, and academic issues is also vital for attracting more students to the field.

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