Lavandula dentata: Optimizing In Vitro Shoot and Callus Cultures and Assessment of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity

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Lavandula dentata is a plant with potential medicinal and cosmetic applications due to its phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. This study sought to improve our understanding of the in vitro propagation and callus induction of the plant, as well as to assess its total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The impact of media composition on germination, plant growth, shoot induction, and callus induction was examined. The efficacy of hormone combinations comprising 6-benzyladenine and gibberellic acid was probed for shoot development. Callus generation from leaf explants was achieved using various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine. The extraction procedure for phenolic compounds was performed on wild plants, in vitro shoots, callus cultures, and vitroplants. An assessment was carried out on various extracts to determine their total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Our results demonstrated that the combination of 6-benzyladenine and gibberellic acid significantly promoted shoot growth at concentrations of 0.5 mg/L gibberellic acid and 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine. Various hormonal treatments influenced callus induction, with a 2 : 1 ratio of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 mg/L) and 6-benzyladenine (0.25 mg/L) yielding the highest callus production rate (100%). The highest total phenolic content was observed in extracts from in vitro shoot cultures and wild plants (11.11 and 13.10 mg GAE/g of dry extract, respectively) and antioxidant capacity (322.52 and 319.71 mg GAE/g of dry extract, respectively). These findings provide insights into optimizing L. dentata micopropagation and secondary metabolite production, holding potential therapeutic and cosmetic applications.