High-efficiency photocathode for green hydrogen generation from sanitation water using bismuthyl chloride/poly- o -chlorobenzeneamine nanocomposite

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Abstract A high-efficiency photocathode for green hydrogen generation from sanitation water without the use of a sacrificial agent has been fabricated using a bismuthyl chloride/poly- o -chlorobenzeneamine (BiOCl/P O CBA) core–shell nanocomposite with the inclusion of additional bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) material. This combination results in a highly promising composite with excellent optical properties. The nanocrystalline size of the composite is evaluated at 15 nm. This nanocomposite exhibits strong photon absorbance across most of the optical spectrum and features a promising bandgap of 2.1 eV. The application of the BiOCl/P O CBA photocathode for hydrogen gas generation was tested using a three-electrode cell immersed in sanitation water, which acts as a promising self-sacrificing agent. The study was conducted under various light conditions, with the produced photocurrent measured at 0.016 mA cm −2 . The sensitivity of this photocathode was evaluated by testing the current density ( J ph ) under different photon energies ranging from 2.3 to 3.6 eV. The produced J ph varied significantly with these photon energies, from −0.024 to −0.019 mA cm −2 , respectively. When the photon energy decreased to 1.7 eV, the produced J ph reduced to −0.018 mA cm −2 . Given its great stability, potential for mass production, and eco-friendly nature, this photocathode is a promising candidate for the industrial-scale production of renewable energy from sanitation water.

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