Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov from Indian Western Himalaya: impact of geographical locations on essential oil yield, chemical diversity, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant activities

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The present study investigated the effect of different geographical locations on the seeds of Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov essential oil (EO) yield, chemical profile and their anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic potentials . The samples collected from three locations in Lahaul and Spiti regions, viz. Tindi (AC-209), Udaipur (AC-207) and Gondhala (AC-208) showed highest EO yields, 9.1%, 8.4%, and 8.7%, respectively. . GC analysis revealed p-cymene, γ-terpinene, cumin aldehyde, and γ-terpinen-7-al as major constituents with AC-208 having the highest content of p-cymene (49.33%) and cumin aldehyde (41.33%). All samples showed significant inhibition (6h) against Bacillus subtilis MTCC121, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96, Salmonella typhimurium MTCC733, and Escherichia coli MTCC43, with AC-203 showing the highest inhibition (≥98.8%) against all bacterial strains. α-glucosidase inhibition assay revealed significant inhibition by all samples (IC50 0.50–0.88 mg/mL) compared to acarbose (IC50 0.29 mg/mL). Most of the samples showed moderate activity against DPPH radical inhibition. However, AC-203, –207 and –208 showed comparatively good activity against ABTS radicals with IC50 ≤ 0.55 mg/mL. This study highlights the use of E. persica from the Indian western Himalayas as an effective anti-bacterial and anti-diabetic agent along with potential anti-oxidant activity and lays the groundwork for developing its superior varieties.

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