Relationship of tobacco smoking to cause-specific mortality: contemporary estimates from Australia
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Le résumé fourni par la source
BACKGROUND: Tobacco industry activities and reduced smoking prevalence can foster under-appreciation of risks and under-investment in tobacco control. Reliable evidence on contemporary smoking impacts, including cause-specific mortality and attributable deaths, remains critical. METHODS: Prospective study of 178,169 cancer- and cardiovascular-disease-free individuals aged ≥ 45 years joining the 45 and Up Study in 2005-2009, with linked questionnaire, hospitalisation, cancer registry and death data to November 2017. Cause-specific mortality hazard ratios (HR) by smoking status, intensity and recency were estimated, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Population attributable fractions were estimated. RESULTS: There were 13,608 deaths during 9.3 years median follow-up (1.68 M person-years); at baseline, 7.9% of participants currently and 33.6% formerly smoked. Mortality was elevated with current versus never smoking for virtually all causes, including chronic lung disease (HR = 36.32, 95%CI = 26.18-50.40), lung cancer (17.85, 14.38-22.17) and oro-pharyngeal cancers (7.86, 4.11-15.02); lower respiratory infection, peripheral vascular disease, oesophageal cancer, liver cancer and cancer of unknown primary (risk 3-5 times as high); and coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancers of urinary tract, pancreas, kidney, stomach and prostate (risk at least two-fold); former versus never-smoking demonstrated similar patterns with attenuated risks. Mortality increased with smoking intensity, remaining appreciable for 1-14 cigarettes/day (e.g. lung cancer HR = 13.00, 95%CI = 9.50-17.80). Excess smoking-related mortality was largely avoided with cessation aged < 45 years. In 2019, 24,285 deaths (one-in-every-six deaths, 15.3%), among Australians aged ≥ 45 years, were attributable to tobacco smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking continues to cause a substantial proportion of deaths in low-prevalence settings, including Australia, highlighting the importance of accelerated tobacco control.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Relationship of tobacco smoking to cause-specific mortality: contemporary estimates from Australia
- Date Crossref
- 25/02/2025
- Éditeur
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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Australian National University National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH) pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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The University of Sydney The Daffodil Centre pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Cancer Council NSW pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisme public
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The University of Queensland pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Population Health Program pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Burden of Disease and Mortality Unit pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisme public
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School of Public Health pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH) — Australian National University, The Daffodil Centre — The University of Sydney et Cancer Council NSW, avec 4 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.