Prospective Study on Obstetric Outcome in Pregnant Females after Previous Spontaneous Abortion

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Background: Spontaneous abortion is the commonest early pregnancy complication, significantly affecting physical and mental health. Women with previous spontaneous abortion should be managed as high risk in subsequent pregnancy to prevent adverse materno-fetal outcomes. Methods: prospective observational study (N=200) at tertiary institute, to estimate incidence of previous abortion, and analyse maternal, obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Results: Incidence of spontaneous abortion = 9.5%, majority patients were 21-30 years (mean 27.12 years). 71.5% were nulliparous and 24% had parity of one. 70% had one, 22.5% had two and 7.5% had three previous spontaneous abortions. Frequent medical comorbidities were hypertensive disorders, diabetes mellitus, anaemia and autoimmune disorders. Common pregnancy complications included FGR, APH, preterm labour, oligohydramnios, low APGAR, and NICU admission. Out of 184 births, 30% of babies born were low birth weight, mean APGAR score = 7.63. Out of 173 livebirths, 19.7% required NICU admission. Perinatal mortality rate = 5.2%. Conclusion: Women with previous spontaneous abortion have increased risk of recurrence of abortion, FGR, preterm labour, and low birth weight. As the number of abortions increase, the incidence of low birth weight increases. Patients with multiple spontaneous abortions have increased risk of caesarean section mainly because of placenta previa.

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