Physiological responses of the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia Lesson, 1831) including venom production, to high ambient temperature exposur

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Background: Temperature regulation is essentially important for survival of poikilotherms such as snakes. Body temperature is regulated by snakes through behavioral and physiological responses. The global-warming crisis, combined with the need to house large population of snakes in limited spaces, increases the likelihood of exposing snakes to high ambient temperature (HTa), requiring it reliance on physiological responses. This study aimed to study the effect of HTa exposure on physiological responses and venom production, which have rarely been studied. Methods: Lesson, 1831) were divided into two groups. The concurrent control group was housed in a temperature-controlled room, and the heat exposed group was housed in the same room with gradually increasing temperatures (25°C-35°C) for 4 h on four consecutive days. Data were collected 3 days before the experiment as the baseline and then compared with day 1 and day 4 after HTa exposure data representing immediate and prolonged effects. Body temperature, body weight, water intake, heart rate, hematology, plasma biochemistry, body-fluid compartments, hormonal response, heat shock protein expression and venom production were measured. Results: component. Conclusion: component.

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