Corrigendum: Content and face validity in virtual reality with children: a validation in five steps+1 of a wheelchair basketball game

Le résumé fourni par la source

Objective: The present study is aimed to elaborate and determinate the contentand face validity of a virtual reality program attending the perspective of children.This simulation is designed to promote empathy and understanding towardschildren with motor disabilities through adapted sport scenes. This studyproposed a validation approach with six phases to assess technical andaesthetic aspects.Method: Sample: a) Content validity study, 20 children (11–18 years old) wererecruited as lay and content experts, who assessed the properties of grade ofrealism and physical fidelity of wheelchair basketball scenarios. b) Face validitystudy, 395 children were recruited as lay experts and divided into two groups(7–9 years old and 10–12 years old), or into ten subgroups according to Age ×Gender interaction. The face validity sample assessed the psychological fidelityand the presence of wheelchair basketball scenarios. Instruments: Virtual RealityContent Validity Questionnaire, GAMEX questionnaire and Simulator SicknessQuestionnaire (SSQ).Results: The content validity study showed preference for technical aspects(music, colors and degree of realism). Therefore, modifications in the design weremade. In the content validity study, the high agreement level was influenced byprevious sport experiences. In the face validity study, the cognitive developmentof children determined the differences in agreement levels in some virtualproperties (absorption and cybersickness). In this sixth step, the ages7–8 years versus 10–11 years showed significant differences in validity. Thestudy also criticized the face validity cut-offs often used in adult-focusedresearch, emphasizing the need to adapt them for children´sdevelopmental stages.Conclusion: This study proposes a sixth step not traditionally included in contentand face validity processes, specially focusing on the child user. The suitability ofcontent and scenes should follow the same principles of standardization as othermethodologies, such as psychometric tests, considering age and gender.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.