False Peyote (Lophophora diffusa (Croizat) Bravo Cactaceae)

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This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of Lophophora diffusa , which is a rare and endangered species of spineless cactus with a globular shape. As a member of the Cactaceae family and the more primitive species within the Lophophora genus, L. diffusa possesses distinct characteristics that warrant closer investigation. It is known by various names, including peyote, false peyote, and peyote queretano. The species name ‘diffusa’ refers to its flat tubercles that spread out without prominent ribs. The stems of L. diffusa can grow to heights of 2–7 cm and have a diameter of 5–12 cm. The flowers, typically white or faintly pink, bloom during the summer months. This cactus species is native to Mexico and primarily found in desert xerophytic shrublands at elevations ranging from 1,300 to 1,800 m above sea level. Its habitat consists of stony hills with low inclination or alluvial deposits derived from limestone and shale, characterized by high pH levels (7.6–7.8) and a scarcity of organic matter. The phytochemical analysis of L. diffusa reveals the presence of various alkaloids, with pellotine being the most abundant (86.2%), followed by anhalonidine (3.8%) and mescaline (1.2%). However, it is important to note that information regarding the effects of consuming L. diffusa can be conflicting. Some reports describe experiences ranging from clumsiness and confusion to general discomfort and excessive sweating, while others suggest that consumption can lead to mental clarity and tranquility. Traditionally, Indigenous peoples of America and Mexico used L. diffusa as a remedy for respiratory, rheumatic, and venereal diseases. The pharmacological effects of L. diffusa can be attributed to its alkaloid content. Mescaline, a naturally occurring psychedelic protoalkaloid, is known for its hallucinogenic properties, while pellotine has sedative effects and promotes sleep. By exploring the taxonomy, biology, chemistry, and cultural significance of L. diffusa , this chapter aims to enhance our understanding of this unique cactus species and inspire further research and appreciation for its ecological, cultural, and pharmacological importance.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.