Risk Factor Analysis and Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) Infection in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis

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Objective: Patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) complicated by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection often have a higher mortality rate. However, little investigation on the risk factor analysis has been published for the AP complicated by CRE. Therefore, this study conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and molecular epidemiological features associated with CRE infection in patients with AP. Methods: A total of 240 patients with AP were admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2021 as the research objects, and were divided into a CRE group of 60 cases and a non-CRE group of 180 cases based on whether they were co-infected with CRE or not. Furthermore, both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of AP co-infection with CRE. In the CRE group, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) were used to detect the expression of five common carbapenemase genes including bla KPC , blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM , and blaOXA-48 . Results: The pathogenic bacteria in the CRE group are composed of Klebsiella pneumonia at 35.00%, Escherichia coli at 33.33%, Enterobacter cloacae at 25.00%, and Citrobacter freundii at 6.67%. Multivariate analysis showed that APACHE-II scores (OR=1.22), history of abdominal surgery (OR=81.82), and ERCP (OR=3.66) were independent risk factors for AP co-infection with CRE ( P < 0.05). About half (18/40) of the CRE carried carbapenemase genes. bla KPC was the major carbapenemase gene. Conclusion: There are many risk factors for AP co-infection with CRE, which can occur in patients with high APACHE-II scores, experienced ERCP, and a history of abdominal surgery. Keywords: acute pancreatitis, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), infection, risk factors

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