Soft Tissue Analysis of the Chin, Length and Thickness of the Upper Lip in Normodivergent, Hypodivergent and Hyperdivergent Pattern Patients: A Cephalometric Study

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Abstract Objective: To determine mean soft tissue chin, upper lip length and thickness in patients visiting the orthodontic department and to compare the mean length and thickness of the soft tissue chin and upper lip in patients with different mandibular divergent patterns. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration: The study was conducted at Orthodontics OPD of Jinnah Sindh medical university, from January 2021 to March 2021. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 150 subjects were taken. Subjects were classified into normodivergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent on the basis of the mandibular plane angle (SN-GoGn). The measurements of the length and thickness of the upper lip and soft tissue chin were recorded in millimeter using a scale. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: The study included a total of 150 participants. The median values, along with their interquartile ranges (IQR), for various facial parameters were as follows: the vertical angle was 32.50 (IQR: 27–40), facial angle was 84 (IQR: 80–87), upper lip length was 19 (IQR: 17–21), upper lip thickness was 11 (IQR: 10–13), thickness of the soft tissue chin was 10 (IQR: 9–11), another measure of the soft tissue chin was 9 (IQR: 8–11) and the length of the soft tissue chin was 7 (IQR: 6–8). Three study groups reported no significant differences based on upper lip length ( P = 0.187), upper lip thickness ( P = 0.196), soft tissue chin thickness ( P = 0.216) and soft tissue chin length ( P = 0.330). On the Kruskal–Wallis test, vertical angle ( P < 0.001), facial angle ( P = 0.002) and soft tissue thickness (Gn-Gnʹ) were found to be significantly different among the three groups. Conclusion: An insignificant difference was found in the upper lip length in all patterns. In patients exhibiting hypodivergent patterns, the lip thickness value was comparatively greater. The thickness of the soft tissue chin is more in subjects exhibiting the hypodivergent pattern than in patients exhibiting the hyperdivergent pattern.

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