Instrumentation

Le résumé fourni par la source

Abstract Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging provides cross-sectional images of single photon-emitting radiotracer distribution. In such tracers, one or more photons are emitted during the nuclear decay. A gamma camera is used to acquire the data. Traditionally, a gamma camera uses a lead collimator, a sheet of sodium iodide (NaI) scintillator, and an array of photomultiplier tubes. Recently, dedicated cardiac gamma cameras have been designed that use the semiconductor material cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) in place of NaI and photomultiplier tubes. In contrast to SPECT, in positron emission tomography (PET), the positron-emitting radionuclides produce positrons which will annihilate with a nearby electron to create pairs of high-energy 511-keV photons emitted in opposite directions. Detection of the two photons within a narrow time window is called a coincidence event. A PET scanner collects many such coincidence events within the field of view. Hybrid cardiac imaging, combining SPECT and PET with computed tomography (CT) and, more recently, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provides a combination of anatomical and functional information, increasing sensitivity and specificity of the single modalities, thus making the integrated approach a more accurate test. This chapter provides an overview on important aspects of camera technology and instrumentation, including SPECT, PET, and hybrid imaging.

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