Characterization of basal stem rot pathogen in oil palm tree in Adolina Seed Center, North Sumatra, to support sustainable food security

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Abstract The productivity of oil palm plants is influenced by several factors, one of which is basal stem rot disease. The aim of this research was to morphologically and molecularly characterized the causal pathogen of basal stem rot disease in oil palm plants in the Adolina Seed Center, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra. The study, conducted from September 2023 to March 2024. Sampling was done using a purposive random method based on visible symptoms of the disease. The research involved isolating and purifying the fungus, followed by macroscopic and microscopic observations, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis. Seven isolates were identified as Ganoderma boninense and Ganoderma sp. The study found significant diversity in the fruit body morphology in Block AD-02 and Block AD-04, while microscopic observations showed similarities across all samples. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses revealed a close relationship between the isolates from Indonesia, G. boninense from Malaysia, and Ganoderma sp. from Singapore. The incidence of basal stem rotdisease was higher in Block AD-02 (54%), compared to Block AD-04 (48%). These findings contribute to the understanding of the pathogen diversity and spread in oil palm plantations.

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