Corrigendum: The nucleus accumbens shell: a neural hub at the interface of homeostatic and hedonic feeding

Le résumé fourni par la source

Feeding behavior is a multifaceted physiological process governed by the interaction of homeostatic and hedonic feeding pathways. Homeostatic feeding circuits, primarily located in the hypothalamus, regulate an organism's energy and nutrient balance by monitoring peripheral signals. These include, for instance, insulin, a pancreatic hormone that modulates blood glucose levels (Rahman et al., 2021), leptin, an adipose-derived anorexigenic hormone (van Swieten et al., 2014), ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide produced in the stomach (Yanagi et al., 2018) or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut hormone regulating glucose homeostasis and satiety (Smith et al., 2019). On the other hand, the socalled hedonic feeding circuits involve signals from sensory inputs, learned associations, reward, motivation, and pleasure derived from eating. The nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) is one of the key brain regions located at the interface of these two circuits. The NAcSh receives brain-wide inputs from regions deeply involved in both homeostatic and hedonic circuits, making it an ideal intersection point to integrate information about both processes. In turn, the NAcSh sends direct and indirect projections to midbrain structures where it can strongly influence behavioral output related to feeding. In this review, we delineate the general architecture of the NAcSh, starting by outlining inputs to the NAcSh, then presenting its outputs to target structures, focusing primarily on the general organization and cellular architecture. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms by which the NAcSh integrates multi-sourced signals to regulate adaptive feeding behavior. We also discuss the rich diversity of NAcSh output neurons, harboring varied molecular markers, projection circuits or topographical locations. Of note, our review below focuses primarily on the medial NAcSh region, given its predominant roles in feeding behavior as compared to other NAc subregions.The nucleus accumbens (NAc) belongs to limbic circuitries within the ventral forebrain, forming together with the olfactory tubercule (OT) and islands of Calleja the so-called ventral striatum (VS). It can be subdivided into several distinct subregions: a core (NAcC), a medial NAcSh and a lateral NAcSh region. 95% of neurons in the NAc consist of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), long-projecting cells that release the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). These include MSNs expressing dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) (D1R-MSNs) and MSNs expressing dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) (D2R-MSNs) (reviewed in (Castro and Bruchas, 2019)), the two dominant types of dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) which come in different subtypes. D1R-like receptors (which includes dopamine receptors type 1 and 5: D1R, D5R) are coupled to the G-protein Gs and promote cAMP formation by activating adenylyl cyclase, while D2R-like receptors (D2R, D3R, D4R) are coupled to Gi and inhibit cAMP formation by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase (Beaulieu and Gainetdinov, 2011). In the NAcSh, MSNs are smaller and appear less spiny as compared to MSNs in the NAcC (Meredith et al., 2008). D3R receptors are also enriched in the NAcSh and predominantly expressed in D1R-MSNs (Schwartz et al., 1998). Of note, it has been shown that MSNs can co-express both D1Rs and D2Rs in the NAcSh in about 17% of MSNs (Beaulieu and Gainetdinov, 2011;Bertran-Gonzalez et al., 2008). 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